The protests that began in Iran on 28 December 2025 have transformed into the largest and deadliest demonstrations, according to reports from non-governmental human rights organisations, since the death of Mahsa Amini, who died in 2022 after being arrested for not wearing the Islamic veil properly. These protests have emerged due to economic instability and have evolved into a political movement against the Islamic Republic. During the demonstrations, slogans have been shouted in support of the reinstatement of the Pahlavi monarchy, and calls for the «death of the dictator» have been made. According to information provided by the Iranian opposition NGO Hrana, over 500 deaths and more than 10,000 arrests have been reported. Iran Human Rights raises the death toll to 648 to date. In 2022, the same NGO recorded at least 476 deaths. Motivated by merchants and economic sectors impacted by the devaluation of the rial and high inflation, thousands of Iranians have joined this new series of protests that has spread across more than a hundred cities.
